{"id":1674,"date":"2024-02-10T15:15:13","date_gmt":"2024-02-10T15:15:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/biotoplivo\/plante-energetice\/"},"modified":"2024-02-10T21:23:58","modified_gmt":"2024-02-10T21:23:58","slug":"energeticheskie-rasteniya","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/biotoplivo\/energeticheskie-rasteniya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u042d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plante energetice<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;uploadedSrc&quot;:false,&quot;figureClassNames&quot;:&quot;alignright is-resized&quot;,&quot;figureStyles&quot;:null,&quot;imgClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-image-3045&quot;,&quot;imgStyles&quot;:&quot;width:316px;height:auto&quot;,&quot;targetWidth&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;targetHeight&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;scaleAttr&quot;:false,&quot;ariaLabel&quot;:&quot;\\u0423\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435: accion-veracel-cellulose&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;accion-veracel-cellulose&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"alignright is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"http:\/\/biomasa.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/accion-veracel-cellulose.jpg\" alt=\"accion-veracel-cellulose\" class=\"wp-image-3045\" style=\"width:316px;height:auto\"\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"\u0423\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: accion-veracel-cellulose\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"context.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"context.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Poten\u021bialul de biomas\u0103 \u00een R. Moldova este estimat la 14,6 miliarde kWh sau echivalentul a 85% din consumul&nbsp;intern de energie, iar peste jum\u0103tate din poten\u021bial le revine reziduurilor ob\u021binute din culturile agricole \u2013 paiele de gr\u00e2u, tulpina \u0219i p\u0103l\u0103ria de floarea soarelui, reziduuri din livezi, vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie, soia sau orz, etc. Cu toate acestea, doar o parte din ele este sau poate fi folosit\u0103 \u00een producerea combustibilului din biomas\u0103, fiind utilizat\u0103 ca furaje sau \u00een alte scopuri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De aceea, mul\u021bi antreprenori agricoli v\u0103d un mare poten\u021bial de afaceri \u00een cre\u0219terea plantelor energetice, destinate producerii de biocombustibil solid. Acestea au o serie de avantaje \u00een raport cu alte culturi agricole, unul dintre cele mai importante fiind c\u0103 pot fi s\u0103dite pe terenuri deteriorate sau \u00een pant\u0103, unde alte culturi nu vor cre\u0219te. \u00cen acela\u0219i timp, plantele energetice au o rat\u0103 de cre\u0219tere foarte rapid\u0103 \u0219i capacitate caloric\u0103 \u00eenalt\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Printre cele mai cunoscute plante energetice sunt salcia, salc\u00e2mul \u0219i plopul energetice, miscantus sau iarba elefantului, mei, arbust de petrol, \u015fofr\u0103nel \u015fi altele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Salcia energetic\u0103 este o plant\u0103 lemnoas\u0103 dicotiledonat\u0103, cu o cre\u0219tere extrem de rapid\u0103, de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 3,5 cm pe zi, \u0219i o putere caloric\u0103 mai \u00eenalt\u0103 dec\u00e2t fagul sau stejarul \u2013 4900Kcal \u2013 comparabil\u0103 cu c\u0103rbunele sau gazele naturale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Crearea planta\u021biilor de salcie energetic\u0103 duce la includerea \u00een folosin\u021b\u0103 a terenurilor agricole neutilizate, diminu\u00e2nd nevoia de defri\u0219are a p\u0103durilor \u0219i gener\u00e2nd combustibil ieftin. Salcia energetic\u0103 este o cultur\u0103 nepreten\u021bioas\u0103, iar planta\u021bia are o durat\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 de 25 \u2013 30 de ani \u0219i, \u00eencepand din anul al doilea, \u00een afar\u0103 de recoltare, nu necesit\u0103 nici o alt\u0103 interven\u021bie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Estimativ, energia termic\u0103 rezultat\u0103 de la o planta\u021bie de 100 ha poate asigura \u00eenc\u0103lzirea a cca. 35 mii m.p. spa\u021biu locativ, adic\u0103 peste 7 mii apartamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen Suedia, sunt cultivate deja cca 50 000 ha de teren cu salcie energetic\u0103, ce produce \u00een primul an de la \u00eens\u0103m\u00e2n\u021bare cca 10 tone de material vegetal la un hectar, iar \u00eencep\u00e2nd din al doilea an produc\u0163ia ajunge la 40 tone\/ha.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;uploadedSrc&quot;:false,&quot;figureClassNames&quot;:&quot;alignright is-resized&quot;,&quot;figureStyles&quot;:null,&quot;imgClassNames&quot;:&quot;wp-image-3048&quot;,&quot;imgStyles&quot;:&quot;width:299px;height:auto&quot;,&quot;targetWidth&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;targetHeight&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;scaleAttr&quot;:false,&quot;ariaLabel&quot;:&quot;\\u0423\\u0432\\u0435\\u043b\\u0438\\u0447\\u0438\\u0442\\u044c \\u0438\\u0437\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435: IMG_1334&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;IMG_1334&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" class=\"alignright is-resized wp-lightbox-container\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on-async--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-async-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"http:\/\/biomasa.md\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/IMG_1334.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_1334\" class=\"wp-image-3048\" style=\"width:299px;height:auto\"\/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"\u0423\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: IMG_1334\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on-async--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"context.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"context.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u00cen Ungaria sunt cultivate cca 2000 de hectare cu aceast\u0103 plant\u0103, iar produc\u0163ia, datorit\u0103 zonei cu temperaturi mai ridicate dec\u00e2t \u00een Suedia, se ridic\u0103 la 60 tone\/ha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0218i \u00een Moldova deja exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva planta\u021bii de salcie energetic\u0103, una dintre ele fiind cultivat\u0103 la Bozieni, raionul H\u00e2nce\u0219ti. Antreprenorul Vladimir Bragaru a s\u0103dit planta\u021bia de dou\u0103 hectare de salcie energetic\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 \u00een anul 2013. Acum inten\u021bioneaz\u0103 s\u0103 o extind\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 la 1000 de hectare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00cen R. Moldova exist\u0103 \u0219i planta\u021bii de Pawlonia \u0219i plop energetic, care \u00eens\u0103 nu au fost, deocamdat\u0103, omologate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Astfel, la Andru\u0219ul de Jos, raionul Cahul, au fost s\u0103dite 70 de ari de Pawlonia Cotevisa 2, o clon\u0103 a plantei ob\u021binut\u0103 \u00eentr-un laborator din Spania. Copacii au deja 4-5 metri \u00een\u0103l\u021bime \u0219i pot fi recolta\u021bi de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 5 ori, tulpina ref\u0103c\u00e2ndu-se \u00een anul urm\u0103tor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Proiectul Energie \u0219i Biomas\u0103 contribuie la extinderea pie\u021bei biocombustibililor \u0219i suplinirea for\u021bei de munc\u0103 de calificare necesar\u0103 prin sprijinirea \u0219colilor profesionale din Moldova. &nbsp;Elevii din trei \u015fcoli profesionale tehnice din R. Moldova studiaz\u0103 din anul 2015 noi specialit\u0103\u0163i pentru meseria Silvicultor, printre care \u0219i \u201ePlantele energetice \u2013 surs\u0103 de energie regenerabil\u0103\u201d. Totodat\u0103, elevii \u0219colii profesionale din Orhei vor avea acces direct la tehnologiile studiate, aici fiind s\u0103dit\u0103 o planta\u021bie de salcie \u0219i salc\u00e2m energetic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Avantajele plantelor energetice<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Se poate cultiva pe terenuri ml\u0103\u0219tioase<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se poate de dat utilitate terenurilor necultivate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rezistent\u0103 la diverse condi\u021bii climaterice<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se comport\u0103 bine \u0219i pe sol nisipos \u0219i la temperaturi ridicate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Planta\u021biile pot forma benzi de protec\u021bie pentru diguri sau f\u00e2\u0219ii forestiere<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mediu adecvat pentru animale (iepuri, pot\u00e2rnici, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Capacitate de producere mas\u0103 lemnoas\u0103 \u2013 30 tone\/an<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contribuie la reducerea considerabil\u0103 a defri\u0219\u0103rilor<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are capacitatea de preluare a cca. 20-30 tone\/n\u0103mol rezudial<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Asimileaz\u0103 dioxid de carbon \u2013 produce oxigen<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contribuie la creare de locuri noi de munc\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Op\u021biune sigur\u0103 de surs\u0103 energetic\u0103, fie ca biomas\u0103 fie ca pele\u021bi \u0219i briche\u021bi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surs\u0103 de celuloz\u0103<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Posed\u0103 un con\u021binut indicat de salicin \u2013 se poate de utilizat la producerea aspirinei<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"tell-alert grey\">Pentru informa\u0163ii suplimentare contacta\u0163i: Tel: 022 83-99-82<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\/\/todo add faq section<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plante energetice Poten\u021bialul de biomas\u0103 \u00een R. Moldova este estimat la 14,6 miliarde kWh sau echivalentul a 85% din consumul&nbsp;intern de energie, iar peste jum\u0103tate din poten\u021bial le revine reziduurilor ob\u021binute din culturile agricole \u2013 paiele de gr\u00e2u, tulpina \u0219i p\u0103l\u0103ria de floarea soarelui, reziduuri din livezi, vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie, soia sau orz, etc. Cu toate acestea, &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":1663,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_rtcl_gb_attr":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1674","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"rdtheme-size1":false,"rdtheme-size2":false,"rdtheme-size3":false,"rtcl-gallery":false,"rtcl-thumbnail":false,"rtcl-gallery-thumbnail":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Gheorghe","author_link":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/author\/gh-zalinschi\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Plante energetice Poten\u021bialul de biomas\u0103 \u00een R. Moldova este estimat la 14,6 miliarde kWh sau echivalentul a 85% din consumul&nbsp;intern de energie, iar peste jum\u0103tate din poten\u021bial le revine reziduurilor ob\u021binute din culturile agricole \u2013 paiele de gr\u00e2u, tulpina \u0219i p\u0103l\u0103ria de floarea soarelui, reziduuri din livezi, vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie, soia sau orz, etc. Cu toate acestea,&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1674"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1674"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1674\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/piata-biomasa.md\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}